Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant

If your home is not connected to main drainage or if you are using a septic tank to dispose of your household wastewater, then groundwater which is nearby your home will get polluted. Hence, an ideal solution is to install environmentally sustainable domestic/household sewage treatment plant which acts as an independent waste water treatment system for your houses.

A household sewage treatment plant is a modern wastewater treatment system that treats all types of waste water that is generated in a residential/domestic dwellings. It treats all forms of household wastewater which contain harmful contaminants to reduce risk to public health and the environment. Hence, sewage system for house is necessary. Compact/small sewage treatment plant for your residential homes will typically degrade the receiving waste water and thereby producing a treated effluent which is suitable for release to a natural watercourse.

Types of domestic wastewater are as follows:
1. Black Water: It is a wastewater generated from toilet, bidet and is highly infectious.
2. Grey Water: It is a wastewater arise from hand basins, laundry troughs, kitchen, shower & baths and is less infectious than black water.

Residential sewage treatment plant working principle is same as the main sewage treatment plant that works for apartments, industries, institutions in towns and cities but on a reduced scale.

The sewage (combination of black water and grey water) is treated by the home sewage treatment plant which involves following steps:

1. Primary Stage: This is the first stage in suitably designed in house/home sewage treatment systems. Here heavier solids can settle to the bottom, while any lighter solids and scum float to the surface. It includes the physical processes of screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation. Suspended solids that pass through screens and grit chambers are removed from using primary clarifiers. The settled solids are known as primary sludge.

2. Secondary Stage:This stage involves biological treatment process to break down organic matter from human beings, in the liquid part of the sewage. Secondary sludge obtained during secondary sedimentation is combined with primary sludge for sludge processing. After secondary treatment, 80-90% of human waste and other solids have been removed. It uses activated sludge process or trickling filter for the biological treatment of domestic sewage.

3. Tertiary Stage: This is the highest level of domestic wastewater treatment plant to produce a quality effluent before its discharge into the environment. It also includes filtration for the removal of residual suspended matter. This particular stage remove specific organic constituents from household effluent to make it suitable for reuse. It includes a disinfection process using UV light, chlorination or ozone treatment to remove bacteria and viruses.

All of these processes remove solids from the household sewage in the form of sludge.

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